Which of the following protocol pairs can be used to send and retrieve e-mails (in that order)?

The chip select logic for a certain DRAM chip in a memory system design is shown below. Assume that the memory system has 16 address lines denoted by A₁₅ to A₀. What is the range of addresses (in hexadecimal) of the memory system that can get enabled by the chip select (CS) signal?

A certain processor uses a fully associative cache of size 16 kB. The cache block size is 16 bytes. Assume that the main memory is byte addressable and uses a 32-bit address. How many bits are required for the Tag and the Index fields resectively in the addresses generated by the processor?

Let T be a full binary tree with 8 leaves. (A full binary tree has every level full). Suppose two leaves a and b of T are chosen uniformly and independently at random. The expected value of the distance between a and b in T (i.e., the number of edges in the unique path between a and b) is (rounded off to 2 decimal places) _____.