In the limit state design method of concrete structures, the recommended partial material safety factor $$\left( {{\gamma _m}} \right)$$ for steel according to $$IS:456$$-$$2000$$ is

A simply supported prestressed concrete beam is $$6$$ $$m$$ long and $$300$$ $$mm$$ wide. Its gross depth is $$600$$ $$mm.$$ It is prestressed by horizontal cable tendons at a uniform eccentricity of $$100$$ $$mm.$$ The prestressing tensile force in the cable tendons is $$1000$$ $$kN$$. Neglect the self weight of beam. The maximum normal compressive stress in the beam at transfer is

An $$RC$$ square footing of side length $$2$$ $$m$$ and uniform effective depth $$200$$ $$mm$$ is provided for a $$300$$ $$mm \times 300\,mm$$ column. The line of action of the vertical compressive load passes through the centroid of the footing as well as of the column. If the magnitude of the load is $$320$$ $$kN,$$ the nominal transverse (one way) shear stress in the footing is

A strut in a steel truss is composed of two equal angles $$ISA$$ $$150mm \times 150mm$$ of thickness $$100$$ $$mm$$ connected back-to back to the same side of a gusset plate. The cross sectional area of each angle is $$2921$$ $$m{m^2}$$ and moment of inertia $$\left( {{{\rm I}_{XX}} = {{\rm I}_{YY}}} \right)$$ is $$6335000$$ $$m{m^4}.$$ The distance of the centroid of the angle from its surface $$\left( {{C_x} = {C_y}} \right)$$ is $$40.8$$ $$mm.$$ The minimum radius of gyration of the strut is