The ratio of saturated unit weight to dry unit weight of a soil is 1.25. If the specific gravity of solids (G_s) is 2.65, the void ratio of the soil is

A sprinkler irrigation system is suitable when

At the limit state of collapse, an $$RC$$ beam is subjected to flexural moment $$200$$ $$kN$$-$$m$$, shear force $$20$$ $$kN$$ and torque $$9$$ $$kN$$-$$m$$. The beam is $$300$$ $$mm$$ wide and has a gross depth of $$425$$ $$mm,$$ with an effective cover of $$25$$ $$mm$$. The equivalent nominal shear stress $$\left( {{\tau _{ve}}} \right)$$ as calculated by using the design code turns out to the lesser than the design shear strength $$\left( {{\tau _c}} \right)$$ of the concrete.

The equivalent shear force $$\left( {{V_e}} \right)$$ is

An $$RC$$ short column with $$300\,\,mm \times 300\,mm$$ square cross-section is made of $$M20$$ grade concrete and has $$4$$ numbers, $$20$$ $$mm$$ diameter longitudinal bars of $$Fe$$-$$415$$ steel. It is under the action of a concentric axial compressive load. Ignoring the reduction in the area of concrete due to steel bars, the ultimate axial load carrying capacity of the column is