Two equal angles $$ISA$$ $$100\,\,mm \times 100\,\,mm$$ of thickness $$10$$ $$mm$$ are placed back-to-back and connected to the either side of a gusset plate through a single row of $$16$$ $$mm$$ diameter rivets in double shear. The effective areas of the connected and unconnected legs of each of these angles are $$775$$ $$m{m^2}$$ and $$950$$ $$m{m^2},$$ respectively. If these angles are NOT Tack riveted, the net effective area of this pair of angle is

A moment $$M$$ of magnitude $$50$$ $$kN$$-$$m$$ is transmitted to a column flange through a bracket by using four $$20$$ $$mm$$ diameter rivets as shown in the figure. The shear force induced in the rivet $$A$$ is

A strut in a steel truss is composed of two equal angles $$ISA$$ $$150mm \times 150mm$$ of thickness $$100$$ $$mm$$ connected back-to back to the same side of a gusset plate. The cross sectional area of each angle is $$2921$$ $$m{m^2}$$ and moment of inertia $$\left( {{{\rm I}_{XX}} = {{\rm I}_{YY}}} \right)$$ is $$6335000$$ $$m{m^4}.$$ The distance of the centroid of the angle from its surface $$\left( {{C_x} = {C_y}} \right)$$ is $$40.8$$ $$mm.$$ The minimum radius of gyration of the strut is

In a plate girder, the web plate is connected to the flange plates by fillet welding. The size of the fillet welds is designed to safely resist