An $$RC$$ short column with $$300\,\,mm \times 300\,mm$$ square cross-section is made of $$M20$$ grade concrete and has $$4$$ numbers, $$20$$ $$mm$$ diameter longitudinal bars of $$Fe$$-$$415$$ steel. It is under the action of a concentric axial compressive load. Ignoring the reduction in the area of concrete due to steel bars, the ultimate axial load carrying capacity of the column is

At the limit state of collapse, an $$RC$$ beam is subjected to flexural moment $$200$$ $$kN$$-$$m$$, shear force $$20$$ $$kN$$ and torque $$9$$ $$kN$$-$$m$$. The beam is $$300$$ $$mm$$ wide and has a gross depth of $$425$$ $$mm,$$ with an effective cover of $$25$$ $$mm$$. The equivalent nominal shear stress $$\left( {{\tau _{ve}}} \right)$$ as calculated by using the design code turns out to the lesser than the design shear strength $$\left( {{\tau _c}} \right)$$ of the concrete.

The equivalent flexural moment $${M_{{e_1}}}$$ for designing the longitudinal tension steel is

In the limit state design method of concrete structures, the recommended partial material safety factor $$\left( {{\gamma _m}} \right)$$ for steel according to $$IS:456$$-$$2000$$ is

A simply supported prestressed concrete beam is $$6$$ $$m$$ long and $$300$$ $$mm$$ wide. Its gross depth is $$600$$ $$mm.$$ It is prestressed by horizontal cable tendons at a uniform eccentricity of $$100$$ $$mm.$$ The prestressing tensile force in the cable tendons is $$1000$$ $$kN$$. Neglect the self weight of beam. The maximum normal compressive stress in the beam at transfer is