The microbial quality of treated piped water supplies is monitored by

Water distribution systems are sized to meet the

The return period for the annual maximum flood of a given magnitude is 8 years. The probability that this flood magnitude will be executed once during the next 5 years is

The cross-section of a pretensioned pre-stressed concrete beam is shown in Figure. The reinforcement is placed concentrically. If the stress in steel at transfer is $$1000$$ $$MPa,$$ compute the stress in steel immediately after transfer. The modular ratio is $$6.$$