In solid-state welding, the contamination layers between the surfaces to be welded are removed by

The major difficulty during welding of aluminium is due to its

If the Taylor's tool life exponent $$n$$ is $$0.2,$$ and the tool changing time is $$1.5$$ $$min,$$ then the tool life (in min) for maximum production rate is ____________

The main cutting force acting on a tool during the turning (orthogonal cutting) operation of a metal is $$400N.$$ The turning was performed using $$2mm$$ depth of cut and $$0.1mm/rev$$ feed rate. The specific cutting pressure (in $$N/m{m^2}$$ is