The program below uses six temporary variables a, b, c, d, e, f.

a = 1 
b = 10 
c = 20 
d = a + b 
e = c + d 
f = c + e 
b = c + e 
e = b + f 
d = 5 + e 
return d + f

Assuming that all operations take their operands from registers, what is the minimum number of registers needed to execute this program without spilling?

Which data structure in a compiler is used for managing information about variables and their attributes?

The grammar $$S \to aSa\,|\,\,bS\,|\,\,c$$ is

Which languages necessarily need heap allocation in the runtime environment?