A two span continuous beam having equal spans each of length $$L$$ is subjected to a uniformly distributed load $$\omega $$ per unit length. The beam has constant flexural rigidity.

The reaction at the middle support is

A steel column, pinned at both ends, has a buckling load of $$200$$ $$kN.$$ If the column is restrained against lateral movement at its mid-height, its buckling load will be

A metal bar of length 100mm is inserted between two rigid supports and its temperature is increased by $$10^o$$C. If the coefficient of thermal expansion is 12 x$$10^{-6}$$ per $$^o$$C and the Young’s modulus is 2 x $$10^{5}$$ MPa, the stress in the bar is

For an isotropic material, the relationship between the young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poisson’s ratio (μ) is given by