If an IP network uses a subnet mask of 255.255 .240 .0 , the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to network interfaces is $\_\_\_\_$ . (answer in integer)

Consider the transmission of data bits 110001011 over a link that uses Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code for error detection. If the generator bit pattern is given to be 1001, which one of the following options shows the remainder bit pattern appended to the data bits before transmission?

Consider a new TCP connection between a sender and a receiver. The receiver advertised window is constant at 48 KB , the maximum segment size (MSS) is 2 KB , and the slow start threshold for TCP congestion control is 16 KB . Assume that there are no timeouts or duplicate acknowledgements. The number of rounds of transmission required for the congestion control algorithm of the TCP connection to reach the congestion avoidance phase is $\_\_\_\_$ . (answer in integer)

Note: $1 \mathrm{~K}=2^{10}$

It is necessary to design a link-layer protocol between two hosts that are directly connected over a lossless link of length 3000 kilometers. Assume that the link bandwidth is $10^8$ bits per second and that the propagation delay in the link is 5 nanoseconds per meter. Every transmitted data byte is assigned a unique sequence number.

Let $N$ be the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number field in the protocol header such that

(i) the sequence numbers do not wrap around before 60 seconds, and

(ii) the maximum utilization of the link is achieved.

The value of $N$ is $\_\_\_\_$ . (answer in integer)