Which one of the following protocols may need to broadcast some of its messages?

If an IP network uses a subnet mask of 255.255 .240 .0 , the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to network interfaces is $\_\_\_\_$ . (answer in integer)

Consider the transmission of data bits 110001011 over a link that uses Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code for error detection. If the generator bit pattern is given to be 1001, which one of the following options shows the remainder bit pattern appended to the data bits before transmission?

Consider a new TCP connection between a sender and a receiver. The receiver advertised window is constant at 48 KB , the maximum segment size (MSS) is 2 KB , and the slow start threshold for TCP congestion control is 16 KB . Assume that there are no timeouts or duplicate acknowledgements. The number of rounds of transmission required for the congestion control algorithm of the TCP connection to reach the congestion avoidance phase is $\_\_\_\_$ . (answer in integer)

Note: $1 \mathrm{~K}=2^{10}$