Which one of the following CIDR prefixes exactly represents the range of IP addresses 10.12.2.0 to 10.12.3.255?

Consider a TCP connection operating at a point of time with the congestion window of size 12 MSS (Maximum Segment Size), when a timeout occurs due to packet loss. Assuming that all the segments transmitted in the next two RTTs (Round Trip Time) are acknowledged correctly, the congestion window size (in MSS) during the third RTT will be _________

Consider an Ethernet segment with a transmission speed of $10^8$ bits/sec and a maximum segment length of 500 meters. If the speed of propagation of the signal in the medium is $2 \times 10^8$ meters/sec, then the minimum frame size (in bits) required for collision detection is _________

Consider a computer with a 4 MHz processor. Its DMA controller can transfer 8 bytes in 1 cycle from a device to main memory through cycle stealing at regular intervals. Which one of the following is the data transfer rate (in bits per second) of the DMA controller if 1% of the processor cycles are used for DMA?