A positive edge-triggered D flip-flop is connected to a positive edge-triggered JK flip-flop as follows. The Q output of the D flip-flop is connected to both the J and K inputs of the JK flip-flop, while the Q output of the JK flip-flop is connected to the input of the D flip-flop. Initially, the output of the D flip-flop is set to logic one and the output of the JK flip-flop is cleared. Which one of the following is the bit sequence (including the initial state) generated at the Q output of the JK flip-flop when the flip-flops are connected to a free-running common clock? Assume that J = K = 1 is the toggle mode and J = K = 0 is the state-holding mode of the JK flip-flop. Both the flip-flops have non-zero propagation delays.

The binary operator $$ \ne $$ is defined by the following truth table.

p	q	p$$ \ne $$q
0	0	0
0	1	1
1	0	1
1	1	0

Which one of the following is true about the binary operator $$ \ne $$?

Consider a 4-bit Johnson counter with an initial value of 0000. The counting sequence of this counter is

Let $${a_n}$$ represent the number of bit strings of length n containing two consecutive 1s. What is the recurrence relation for $${a_n}$$?