In an IPv4 datagram, the M bit is 0, the value of HLEN is 10, the value of total length is 400 and the fragment offset value is 300. The position of the datagram, the sequence numbers of the first and the last bytes of the payload, respectively are

Using public key cryptography, X adds a digital signature σ to message M, encrypts, and sends it to Y, where it is decrypted. Which one of the following sequences of keys is used for the operations?

In a $$k$$-way set associative cache, the cache is divided into $$v$$ sets, each of which consists of $$k$$ lines. The lines of a set are placed in sequence one after another. The lines in set $$s$$ are sequenced before the lines in set $$(s+1).$$ The main memory blocks are numbered $$0$$ onwards. The main memory block numbered $$j$$ must be mapped to any one of the cache lines from

A $$RAM$$ chip has a capacity of $$1024$$ words of $$8$$ bits each $$\left( {1K \times 8} \right).$$ The number of $$2 \times 4$$ decoders with enable line needed to construct a $$16K \times 16\,\,RAM$$ from $$1K \times 8\,\,RAM$$ is