A Binary operation $$ \oplus $$ on a set of integers is defined as $$x$$ $$ \oplus $$ $$y$$ $$ = {x^2} + {y^2}$$. Which one of the following statements is TRUE about $$ \oplus $$ ?

Consider an undirected random$$^ \circ $$ graph of eight vertices. The probability that there is an edge between a pair of vertices is 1/2. What is the expected number of unordered cycles of length three?

Function $$f$$ is known at the following points:

The value of $$\int\limits_0^3 {f\left( x \right)dx} $$ computed using the trapezoidal rule is

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for undirected graphs?
P: Number of odd degree vertices is even.
Q: Sum of degrees of all vertices is even.