The message 11001001 is to be transmitted using the CRC polynomial x³ + 1 to protect it from errors. The message that should be transmitted is:

There are n stations in a slotted LAN. Each station attempts to transmit with a probability p in each time slot. What is the probability that ONLY one station transmits in a given time slot?

In Ethernet when Manchester encoding is used, the bit rate is:

Consider a pipelined processor with the following four stages
$$\,\,\,\,\,$$$$IF:$$ Instruction Fetch
$$\,\,\,\,\,$$$$ID:$$ Instruction Decode and Operand Fetch
$$\,\,\,\,\,$$$$EX:$$ Execute
$$\,\,\,\,\,$$$$WB:$$ Write Back

The $$IF, ID$$ and $$WB$$ stages take one clock cycle each to complete the operation. The number of clock cycles for the $$EX$$ stage depends on the instruction. The $$ADD$$ and $$SUB$$ instructions need $$1$$ clock cycle and the $$MUL$$ instruction needs $$3$$ clock cycles in the $$EX$$ stage. Operand forwarding is used in the pipelined processor. What is the number of clock cycles taken to complete the following sequence of instructions?