Suppose there are two coins. The first coin gives heads with probability 5/8 when tossed, while the second coin gives heads with probability 1/4. On e of the two coins is picked up at random with equal probability and tossed. What is the probability of obtaining heads?

A virtual memory system uses First In First Out (FIFO) page replacement policy and allocates a fixed number of frames to a process. Consider the following statements:
$$P:$$ Increasing the number of page frames allocated to a process sometimes increases the page fault rate.
$$Q:$$ Some programs do not exhibit locality of reference.

Which one of the following is TRUE?

A process has been allocated $$3$$ page frames. Assume that none of the pages of the process are available in the memory initially. The process makes the following sequence of page references (reference string): $$$1, 2, 1, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6, 3, 1$$$

Least Recently Used (LRU) page replacement policy is a practical approximation to optimal page replacement. For the above reference string, how many more page faults occur with LRU than with the optimal page replacement policy?

A process has been allocated $$3$$ page frames. Assume that none of the pages of the process are available in the memory initially. The process makes the following sequence of page references (reference string): $$$1, 2, 1, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6, 3, 1$$$

If optimal page replacement policy is used, how many page faults occur for the above reference string?