The initial cost of an equipment is Rs. 1,00,000. Its salvage value at the end of accounting life of 5 years is Rs. 10,000. The difference in depreciation (in Rs.) computed using ‘double-declining balance method’ and ‘straight line method’ of depreciation in Year-2 is ___________ (in positive integer).

A slab panel with an effective depth of 250 mm is reinforced with 0.2% main reinforcement using 8 mm diameter steel bars. The uniform center-to-center spacing (in mm) at which the 8 mm diameter bars are placed in the slab panel is __________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).

The elements that DO NOT increase the strength of structural steel are

The three-dimensional state of stress at a point is given by

$$\sigma = \begin{pmatrix} 10 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 40 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \text{ MPa.}$$

The maximum shear stress at the point is