The cross-section at mid-span of a beam at the edge of a slab is shown in the sketch. $$A$$ portion of the slab is considered as the effective flange width for the beam. The grades of concrete and reinforcing steel are $$M25$$ and $$Fe415,$$ respectively. The total area of reinforcing bars $$\left( {{A_{st}}} \right),$$ is $$\,4000\,\,m{m^2}.$$ At the ultimate limit state, $${x_u}$$ denotes the depth of the neutral axis from the top fibre. Treat the section as under-reinforced and flanged $$\left( {{x_u} > 100\,\,mm} \right).$$

The ultimate moment capacity (in $$kNm$$) of the section, as per the Limit State Method of $$IS$$ $$456$$ - $$2000$$ is

As per $$IS$$ $$456:2000,$$ in the Limit State Design of a flexural member, the strain in reinforcing bars under tension at ultimate state should not be less than

Two plates are connected by fillet welds of size $$10$$ $$mm$$ and subjected to tension, as shown in the sketch. The thickness of each plate is $$12$$ $$mm.$$ The yield stress and the ultimate tensile stress of steel are $$250$$ $$MPa$$ and $$410$$ $$MPa,$$ respectively. The welding is done in the workshop $$\left( {{\gamma _{mw}} = 1.25} \right).$$

As per the Limit State Method of $$IS$$ $$800:2007,$$ the minimum length (rounded off to the nearest higher multiple of $$5$$ $$mm$$) of each weld to transmit a force $$P$$ equal to $$270$$ $$kN$$ (factored) is

In a steel plate with bolted connections, the rupture of the net section is a mode of failure under