In a steel plate with bolted connections, the rupture of the net section is a mode of failure under

If a small concrete cube is submerged deep in still water in such a way that the pressure exerted on all faces of the cube is $$p,$$ then the maximum shear stress developed inside the cube is

The sketch shows a column with a pin at the base and rollers at the top. It is subjected to an axial force $$P$$ and a moment $$M$$ at mid-height. The reaction$$(s)$$ at $$R$$ is/are

The ratio of the theoretical critical buckling load for a column with fixed ends to that of another column with the same dimensions and material, but with pinned ends, is equal to