The ratio of actual evapo-transpiration to potential evapo-transpiration is in the range

Wheat crop requires 55 cm of water during 120 days of base period. The total rainfall during this period is 100 mm. Assume the irrigation efficiency to be 60%. The area (in ha) of the land which can be irrigated with a canal flow of 0.01 $$m^3/s$$ is

A concrete beam prestressed with a parabolic tendon is shown in the sketch. The eccentricity of the tendon is measured from the centroid of the cross-section. The applied prestressing force at service is $$1620$$ $$kN.$$ The uniformly distributed load of $$45$$ $$kN/m$$ includes the self-weight. The stress (in $$N/m{m^2}$$) in the bottom fibre at mid-span is

Which one of the following is categorized as a long-term loss of prestress in a prestressed concrete member?