A bag contains 10 white balls and 15 black balls. Two balls drawn in succession. The probability that one of them is black the other is white is

The rank of the following (n + 1) x (n + 1) matrix, where a is a real number is $$$\left[ {\matrix{ 1 & a & {{a^2}} & . & . & . & {{a^n}} \cr 1 & a & {{a^2}} & . & . & . & {{a^n}} \cr . & . & . & . & . & . & . \cr . & . & . & . & . & . & . \cr . & . & . & . & . & . & . \cr 1 & a & {{a^2}} & . & . & . & {{a^n}} \cr } } \right]$$$

Let $${G_1}$$ and $${G_2}$$ be subgroups of a group $$G$$.
(a) Show that $${G_1}\, \cap \,{G_2}$$ is also a subgroup of $$G$$.
(b) $${\rm I}$$s $${G_1}\, \cup \,{G_2}$$ always a subgroup of $$G$$?

How many minimum spanning tress does the following graph have? Draw them (Weights are assigned to the edges).