The rank of the following (n + 1) x (n + 1) matrix, where a is a real number is $$$\left[ {\matrix{ 1 & a & {{a^2}} & . & . & . & {{a^n}} \cr 1 & a & {{a^2}} & . & . & . & {{a^n}} \cr . & . & . & . & . & . & . \cr . & . & . & . & . & . & . \cr . & . & . & . & . & . & . \cr 1 & a & {{a^2}} & . & . & . & {{a^n}} \cr } } \right]$$$

If at every point of a certain curve, the slope of the tangent equals $${{ - 2x} \over y}$$ the curve is

Let $${G_1}$$ and $${G_2}$$ be subgroups of a group $$G$$.
(a) Show that $${G_1}\, \cap \,{G_2}$$ is also a subgroup of $$G$$.
(b) $${\rm I}$$s $${G_1}\, \cup \,{G_2}$$ always a subgroup of $$G$$?

Prove that in a finite graph, the number of vertices of odd degree is always even.