A $$\phi $$ $$40$$ $$mm$$ job is subjected to orthogonal turning by a $$ + {10^ \circ }$$ rake angle tool at $$500$$ $$rev/min.$$ By direct measurement during the cutting operation, the shear angle was found equal to $${25^ \circ }.$$

If the friction angle at the tool-chip interface is $${58^ \circ }$$ $$10'$$ and the cutting force components measured by a dynamometer are $$600$$ $$N$$ and $$200$$ $$N$$, the power loss due to friction (in $$kNm/min$$) is approximately

A batch of $$500$$ jobs of diameter $$50$$ $$mm$$ and length $$100$$ $$mm$$ is to be turned at $$200$$ $$rev/min$$ and feed $$0.2$$ $$mm/rev.$$

Applying Taylor's equation $$V{T^{0.25}} = 160,$$ the tool life in minutes is

The following data relate to an orthogonal turning process:
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Back rake angle $$=15deg,$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Width of cut $$=2mm,$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Chip thickness $$=0.4mm,$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Feed rate $$=0.2mm/rev.$$

If the cutting force and the thrust force are $$900N$$ and $$810N,$$ the mean strength in $$Mpa$$

If each abrasive grain is viewed as a cutting tool, then which of the following represents the cutting parameters in common grinding operations?