The following data relate to an orthogonal turning process:
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Back rake angle $$=15deg,$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Width of cut $$=2mm,$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Chip thickness $$=0.4mm,$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Feed rate $$=0.2mm/rev.$$

The shear angle is

The effects of setting a boring tool above center height leads to a/an.

If each abrasive grain is viewed as a cutting tool, then which of the following represents the cutting parameters in common grinding operations?

In a machining operation chip thickness ratio is $$0.3$$ and the back rake angle of the tool is $${10^ \circ }.$$ What is the value of the shear strain?