If each abrasive grain is viewed as a cutting tool, then which of the following represents the cutting parameters in common grinding operations?

In a machining operation chip thickness ratio is $$0.3$$ and the back rake angle of the tool is $${10^ \circ }.$$ What is the value of the shear strain?

Consider the following statements
During the third stage of tool-wear, rapid deterioration of tool edge takes place because
$$1.$$ Flank wear is only marginal.
$$2.$$ Flank wear is large.
$$3.$$ Temperature of the tool increases gradually.
$$4.$$ Temperature of the tool increases drastically.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

The rake angle of a cutting tool is $${15^ \circ }$$, shear angle $${45^ \circ }$$ and cutting velocity $$35$$ $$m/min$$. What is the velocity of chip along the tool face?