Which one of the following is the most appropriate logical formula to represent the statement:

"$$Gold\,and\,silver\,ornaments\,are\,precious$$"

The following notations are used:
$$G\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is a gold ornament.
$$S\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is a silver ornament.
$$P\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is precious.

Which one of the following is TRUE for any simple connected undirected graph with more than $$2$$ vertices?

What is the chromatic number of an $$n$$-vertex simple connected graph which does not contain any odd length cycle? Assume $$n \ge 2$$.

$$\int\limits_0^{\pi /4} {\left( {1 - \tan x} \right)/\left( {1 + \tan x} \right)dx} $$ $$\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ evaluates to