The development length of a deformed reinforcement bar can be expressed as $$\left( {1/k} \right)\left( {\phi {\sigma _s}/{\tau _{bd}}} \right).$$

From the $$IS:$$ $$456$$-$$2000,$$ the value of $$k$$ can be calculated as _________________.

A bracket plate connected to a column flange transmits a load of $$100$$ $$kN$$ as shown in the following figure. The maximum force for which the bolts should be designed is _______ $$kN$$

Two triangular wedges are glued together as shown in the following figure. The stress acting normal to the interface, $${\sigma _n}$$ is _____$$MPa.$$

A tapered circular rod of diameter varying from 20 mm to 10 mm is connected to another uniform circular rod of diameter 10 mm as shown in the following figure. Both bars are made of same material with the modulus of elasticity, E = 2 $$ \times $$ 10⁵ MPa. When subjected to a load P = 30$$\pi $$ kN, the deflection at point A is _______________ mm.