The effective length of a column in a reinforced concrete building frame, as per $$IS:$$ $$456$$-$$2000,$$ is independent of the

A concrete column carries an axial load of $$450$$ $$kN$$ and a bending moment of $$60$$ $$kN$$-$$m$$ at its base. An isolated footing of size $$2m \times 3m$$ side along the plane of the bending moment is provided under the column. Centers of gravity of column and footing coincide. The net maximum and the minimum pressures in $$kN/{m^2}$$ on soil under the footing are respectively.

A truss tie consisting of $$2$$ $$ISA$$ $$75 \times 75 \times 8\,\,mm$$ carries a pull of $$150$$ $$kN.$$ At ends the two angles are connected, one each on either side of a $$10$$ $$mm$$ thick gusset plate, by $$18$$ $$mm$$ diameter rivets arranged in one row. The allowable stresses in rivet are $${f_s} = 90.0\,\,N/m{m^2}$$ and $${f_{br}} = 250\,\,N/m{m^2}$$.

Maximum tensile stress in the tie in $$N/m{m^2}$$ is

A truss tie consisting of $$2$$ $$ISA$$ $$75 \times 75 \times 8\,\,mm$$ carries a pull of $$150$$ $$kN.$$ At ends the two angles are connected, one each on either side of a $$10$$ $$mm$$ thick gusset plate, by $$18$$ $$mm$$ diameter rivets arranged in one row. The allowable stresses in rivet are $${f_s} = 90.0\,\,N/m{m^2}$$ and $${f_{br}} = 250\,\,N/m{m^2}$$.

Minimum number of rivets required at each end is