Maximum strains in an extreme fibre in concrete and in the tension reinforcement (Fe-$$415$$ grade and $${E_s} = 200\,\,kN/m{m^2}$$) in a balanced section at limit state of flexure are respectively

A reinforced concrete beam, size $$200$$ $$mm$$ wide and $$300$$ $$mm$$ deep overall is simply supported over a span of $$3$$ $$m.$$ It is subjected to two point loads $$P$$ of equal magnitude placed at middle third points. The two loads are gradually increased simultaneously. Beam is reinforced with $$2$$ $$HYSD$$ $$415$$ bars of $$16$$ $$mm$$ diameter placed at an effective cover of $$40$$ $$mm$$ on bottom face and nominal shear reinforcement. The characteristic compressive strength and the bending tensile strength of the concrete are $$20.0\,\,N/m{m^2}$$ and $$2.2\,\,N/m{m^2}$$ respectively.

Ignoring the presence of tension reinforcement, the value of load $$P$$ in $$kN$$ when the first flexure crack will develop in the beam is

A reinforced concrete beam, size $$200$$ $$mm$$ wide and $$300$$ $$mm$$ deep overall is simply supported over a span of $$3$$ $$m.$$ It is subjected to two point loads $$P$$ of equal magnitude placed at middle third points. The two loads are gradually increased simultaneously. Beam is reinforced with $$2$$ $$HYSD$$ $$415$$ bars of $$16$$ $$mm$$ diameter placed at an effective cover of $$40$$ $$mm$$ on bottom face and nominal shear reinforcement. The characteristic compressive strength and the bending tensile strength of the concrete are $$20.0\,\,N/m{m^2}$$ and $$2.2\,\,N/m{m^2}$$ respectively.

The theoretical failure load of the beam for attainment of limit state of collapse in flexure is

The effective length of a column in a reinforced concrete building frame, as per $$IS:$$ $$456$$-$$2000,$$ is independent of the