A simply supported beam of a beam and slab system, rests on a support of width $$450$$ $$mm.$$ The clear span of the beam is $$10.0$$ $$m.$$ The thickness of the slab is $$120$$ $$mm.$$ The depth of the beam below the slab is $$480$$ $$mm$$ and the width of the beam is $$250$$ $$mm.$$ The beam is reinforced with one row of $$32$$ $$mm$$ diameter steel rods. The total load including the super imposed dead load, live load and its own weight is $$25.0$$ $$kN/m$$ at service stage. Compute the maximum nominal design shear stress in the concrete _______________

A hall is covered by a beam and slab system with beams placed at $$3.0$$ $$m$$ center. The effective span of the beam is $$8.35$$ $$m.$$ The thickness of the slab is $$120$$ $$mm.$$ The size of the beam below the slab is $$230$$ $$mm$$ width and $$380$$ $$mm$$ depth. The beam is reinforced with two numbers of $$32$$ $$mm$$ diameter steel rods of grade $$415\,\,N/m{m^2}.$$ Compute the Maximum total load/$$m$$ run, the beam can carry, including its own weight at service stage. Grade of concrete is $$M$$ $$25.$$

The permissible tensile stress in concrete made of M 25 concrete is

The cylinder strength of the concrete is less than the cube strength because of