Lysimeter and Tensiometer are used to measure respectively, one of the following groups of quantities:

Hyetograph is a graph representing

A prestressed concrete rectangular beam of size $$300\,\,mm \times 900\,\,mm$$ is prestressed with an intial prestressing force of $$700$$ $$kN$$ at an eccentricity of $$350$$ $$mm$$ at midspan. Stress at top due to prestress alone, in $$N/m{m^2}$$ is

Design a square $$R.C$$ column to resist an axial load of $$400$$ $$kN$$ due to dead load and $$240$$ $$kN$$ due to live load at service stage. Design the section as a short axially loaded column. Use $$M25$$ concrete and steel of grade $$415$$ $$N/m{m^2}.$$ Give a near sketch of the cross section.