In the context of modular software design, which one of the following combinations is desirable?

The length of the shortest string NOT in the language (over $$\sum { = \left\{ {a,\,\,b} \right\}} $$) of the following regular expression is ____________. $$$a{}^ * b{}^ * \left( {ba} \right){}^ * a{}^ * $$$

Consider the following languages over the alphabet $$\sum { = \left\{ {0,\,1,\,c} \right\}:} $$
$$\eqalign{ & {L_1} = \left\{ {{0^n}\,{1^n}\,\left| {n \ge } \right.0} \right\} \cr & {L_2} = \left\{ {wc{w^r}\,\left| {w \in \left\{ {0,\,1} \right\}{}^ * } \right.} \right\} \cr & {L_3} = \left\{ {w{w^r}\,\left| {w \in \left\{ {0,\,1} \right\}{}^ * } \right.} \right\} \cr} $$

Here, $${w^r}$$ is the reverse of the string $$w.$$ Which of these languages are deterministic Context- free languages?

Let $$\sum \, $$ be a finite non - empty alphabet and let $${2^{\sum {{}^ * } }}$$ be the power set of $$\sum {{}^ * .\,} $$ Which one of the following is TRUE?