What is the optimized version of the relation algebra expression $$\pi_{A1}(\pi_{A2}(\sigma_{F1}(\sigma_{F2}(r))))$$, where $$A1, A2$$ are sets of attributes in r with $$A1 \subset A2$$ and $$F1,F2$$ are Boolean expressions based on the attributes in r?

Consider the relational schema given below, where eId of the relation dependent is a foreign key referring to empId of the relation employee. Assume that every employee has at least one associated dependent in the dependent relation:

employee (empId, empName, empAge)

dependent (depId, eId, depName, depAge)

Consider the following relational algebra query: $$\Pi_{empId}\:(employee) - \Pi_{empId}\:(employee \bowtie_{(empId=eID) \wedge (empAge \leq depAge)} dependent)$$

The above query evaluates to the set of empIds of employees whose age is greater than that of

Consider the transactions T1, T2, and T3 and the schedules S1 and S2 given below.

T1 : r1 (X) ; r1 (Z) ; w1 (X) ; w1 (Z)

T2 : r2 (X) ; r2 (Z) ; w2 (Z)

T3 : r3 (X) ; r3 (X) ; w3 (Y)

S1: r1(X); r3(Y); r3(X); r2(Y); r2(Z); w3(Y); w2(Z); r1(Z); w1(X); w1(Z)

S2: r1(X); r3(Y); r2(Y); r3(X); r1(Z); r2(Z); w3(Y); w1(X); w2(Z); w1(Z)

Which one of the following statements about the schedules is TRUE?

A prime attribute of a relation scheme $$R$$ is an attribute that appears