The process of assigning load addresses to the various parts of the program and adjusting the code and date in the program to reflect the assigned addresses is called

Consider a machine with 64 MB physical memory and a 32-bit virtual address space. If the page size is 4KB, what is the approximate size of the page table?

Which of the following requires a device driver?

Consider a disk with following specifications: $$20$$ surface, $$1000$$ tracks/surface, $$16$$ sectors/track, data density $$1$$ $$KB/sector,$$ rotation speed $$3000$$ $$rpm.$$ The operating system initiates the transfer between the disk and the memory sector-wise. Once the head has been placed on the right track, the disk reads a sector in a single scan. It reads bits from the sector while the head is passing over the sector. The read bits are formed into bytes in a serial $$=$$in-parallel-out buffer and each byte is then transferred to memory. The disk writing is exactly a complementary process. For parts $$(c)$$ and $$(d)$$ below, assume memory read-write time $$= 0.1$$ micro-second/ byte, interrupt driven transfer has an interrupt overhead $$= 0.4$$ microseconds, the $$DMA$$ initialization and termination overhead is negligible compared to the total sector transfer time. $$DMA$$ requests are always granted.

(a) What is the total capacity of the disk?
(b) What is the data transfer rate?
(c) What is the percentage of time the $$CPU$$ is required for this disk $${\rm I}/O$$ for byte-wise interrupts driven transfer?
(d) What is the maximum percentage of time the $$CPU$$ is held up for this disk $${\rm I}/O$$ for cycle-stealing $$DMA$$ transfer ?