Two steel columns $$P$$ (Length $$L$$ and yield strength $${f_y} = 250\,\,MPa)$$ and $$Q$$ (length $$2L$$ and yield strength $${f_y} = 500\,\,MPa$$) have the same cross-sections and end-conditions. The ratio of buckling load of column $$P$$ to that of column $$Q$$ is

The ‘'plane section remains plane’' assumption in bending theory implies:

A symmetric $${\rm I}$$-section (with width of each flange $$=50mm$$, thickness of each flange $$=10mm,$$ depth of web $$=100mm,$$ and thickness of web $$=10mm$$) of steel is subjected to a shear force of $$100$$ $$kN.$$ Find the magnitude of the shear stress (in $$N/m{m^2}$$) in the web at its junction with top flange __________.

A uniform beam weighing $$1800$$ $$N$$ is supported at $$E$$ and $$F$$ by cable $$ABCD$$. Determine the tension (in $$N$$) in segment $$AB$$ of this cable (correct to $$1$$-decimal place). Assume the cables $$ABCD$$, $$BE$$ and $$CF$$ to be weightless ________