The Laplace transform of the function
$$\eqalign{ & f\left( t \right) = k,\,0 < t < c \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 0,\,c < t < \infty ,\,\, \cr} $$
is

Temporary hardness in water is caused by the presence of

Principle involved in the relationship between submerged unit weight and saturated weight of a soil is based on

The minimum area of tension reinforcement in a beam shall be greater than