An ideal gas having initial pressure $p$, volume $V$ and temperature $T$ is allowed to expand adiabatically until its volume becomes 4 V , while its temperature falls to $\frac{T}{2}$. If the work done by the gas during the expansion is $\alpha p V$, the value of $\alpha$ is

At what temperature, an oxygen molecule has the same rms velocity as the hydrogen molecule has at 20 K ?

Two strings $A$ and $B$ produce beat of frequency $\Delta f_1>0$. The tension in string $A$ is slightly increased and the beat frequency is found to be $\Delta f_2>0$. If the original frequency of $A$ is $f_0$ and $\Delta f_2<\Delta f_1$, then the frequency of $B$ is

A light ray travels from a medium with refractive index $n_1$ to another medium of refractive index $n_2$. If $n_1=2$ and $n_2=\sqrt{3}$, then find the critical angle.