A hydraulic press is used to produce circular blanks of $$10$$ $$mm$$ diameter from a sheet of $$2$$ $$mm$$ thickness. If the shear strength of the sheet material is $$400$$ $$N/m{m^2},$$ the force required for producing a circular blank is

Consider the following steps in forging a connecting rod from the bar stock

$$1.$$ blocking $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$$$2.$$ trimming
$$3.$$ finishing$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$4.$$ edging

Select the correct sequence of these operations using the codes given below

Cold working produces the following effects

$$1.$$$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ Stress are set up in the material
$$2.$$$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ Grain structure get distorted
$$3.$$$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ Strength and hardness of the metal are decreased
$$4.$$$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ Surface finish is reduced

In a single pass flat rolling operation, a $$400mm$$ wide steel strip having a thickness of $$10mm$$ is reduced to $$8mm$$ by using a roll of $$600mm$$ diameter.

The roll-strip contact length is