The voltage-arc length characteristic of a $$DC$$ arc is given by $$V=20+40L.$$ where $$L=$$ arc length in $$cm.$$ The power source characteristics can be approximated by a straight line. Open circuit is $$80V$$ and short circuit current $$1000$$Amps. The optimum arc length in $$mm$$

In spot welding of aluminium sheets, the welding current should be .........A........ and weld time should be kept ............B......... than for $$MS$$ sheet of same thickness.

(A). higher / lower, (B). higher / lower

....................... is the non-fusion method of joining dissimilar metals with metals whose melting temp is greater than $${400^ \circ }C$$.

High alloy steel components are preheated before welding for reducing