The optimum pouring time for a casting depends on several factors. One important factor among them is

A rectangular block of steel $$C.S$$ $$100\,\, \times \,\,150mm$$ and $$250mm$$ height is to be cast with out any riser. The block is moulded entirely in the drag of a green sand flask & is tap gated. The cope of the flask is $$200mm$$ height & the height of the metal during pouring is $$100mm$$ above the cope level. A tapered sprue is employed & the gating ratio is $$1:4:2$$. Assume no energy losses in the system. The time taken (in seconds) to fill the casting cavity, if the tapered sprues with $$500$$ $$m{m^2}$$ exit area is used.

Pressure die casting deals with casting metals of relatively ............. A ............. melting point and provides ........ B.......... production rate.

A. higher / lower,$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ B. higher / lower

Low permeability molds and low pouring temperature of the molten metal causes ......................... defect in castings.