In a city, the chemical formula of biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) is C100H250O80N. The waste has to be treated by forced-aeration composting process for which air requirement has to be estimated.
Assume oxygen in air (by weight) = 23% and density of air = 1.3 kg/m3. Atomic mass : C = 12, H = 1, O = 16, N = 14.
C and H are oxidized completely whereas N is converted only into NH3 during oxidation.
For oxidative degradation of 1 tonne of the waste, the required theoretical volume of air (in m3/tonne) will be (round off the nearest integer)
A sewage treatment plant receives sewage at a flow rate of 5000 m3/day. The total suspended solids (TSS) concentration in the sewage at the inlet of primary clarifier is 200 mg/L. After the primary treatment, the TSS concentration in sewage is reduced by 60%. The sludge from the primary clarifier contains 2% solids concentration. Subsequently, the sludge is subjected to gravity thickening process to achieve a solids concentration of 6%. Assume that the density of sludge, before and after thickening, is 1000 kg/m3. The daily volume of the thickened sludge (in m3/day) will be _________. (round off to the nearest integer)
Match the following attributes of a city with the appropriate scale of measurements.
| Attribute | Scale of measurement |
|---|---|
| (P) Average temperature ($$^\circ $$C) of a city | (I) Interval |
| (Q) Name of city | (II) Oridnal |
| (R) Population density of a city | (III) Nominal |
| (S) Ranking of a city based on ease of business | (IV) Ratio |
Which one of the following combinations is correct?
To design an optimum municipal solid waste collection route, which of the following is/are NOT desired :