In a linear elastic structural element

A cantilever beam of tubular section consists of 2 materials copper as outer cylinder and steel as inner cylinder. It is subjected to a temperature rise of $$20^\circ C$$ and $$\alpha_{copper}\;>\;\alpha_{steel}$$ the stresses developed in the tubes will be

In a linear elastic structural element

Number of independent displacement modes (sway mechanisms) for the given frame with the load shown there in are