In producing a punched hole of $$20mm$$ diameter, the dimension of the punch is ........ given the radial die clearance of $$0.1mm.$$

In metal forming operation, the true strain in the $$X$$-direction is $$0.3$$ and in the $$Y$$-direction is $$-0.1.$$ The true strain in the $$Z$$-direction is

Forces in hot extrusion is a function of the strain hardening component of the billet material.

In order to reduce roll pressure in strip rolling, back tension can be applied to strip.