Two cutting tools are being compared for a machining operation. The tool life equations are:
$$\eqalign{ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Carbi{\mathop{\rm de}\nolimits} \,\,tool:\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,V{T^{1.6}} = 3000 \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,HSS\,\,tool:\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,V{T^{0.6}} = 200 \cr} $$

Where $$V$$ is the cutting speed in $$m/min$$ and $$T$$ is the tool life in $$min.$$ The carbide tool will provide higher tool life if the cutting speed in $$m/min$$ exceeds

During turning of a low carbon steel bar with TiN coated carbide insert, one needs to improve surface finish without sacrificing material removal rate. To achieve improved surface finish one should

In an orthogonal machining operation , the tool life obtained is $$10min$$ at a cutting speed of $$10m/min,$$ while at $$75m/min$$ cutting speed, the tool life is $$30min$$. The value of index (n) in the Taylor's tool life equation is

An orthogonal operation is carried out at $$20m/min$$ cutting speed, using a cutting tool of rake angle $$15deg$$. The chip thickness is $$0.4mm$$ and uncut chip thickness is $$0.2mm.$$

The shear angle (in degrees) is