An orthogonal operation is carried out at $$20m/min$$ cutting speed, using a cutting tool of rake angle $$15deg$$. The chip thickness is $$0.4mm$$ and uncut chip thickness is $$0.2mm.$$

The chip velocity (in $$m/min$$) is

An orthogonal operation is carried out at $$20m/min$$ cutting speed, using a cutting tool of rake angle $$15deg$$. The chip thickness is $$0.4mm$$ and uncut chip thickness is $$0.2mm.$$

The shear angle (in degrees) is

Brittle materials are machined with tools having zero or negative rake angles because it

During machining, the wear land $$(h)$$ has been plotted against machining time $$(T)$$ as given in the following figure.

For a critical wear land of $$1.8mm,$$ the cutting tool life (in $$min$$) is