In resistance seam welding, the electrode is in the form of a

Which of the following welding process results in the smallest heat affected zone

During orthogonal machining of a mild steel specimen with a cutting tool of zero rake angle, the following data is obtained:
Uncut chip thickness $$=0.25$$ $$mm$$
Chip thickness $$=0.75$$ $$mm$$
Width of cut $$=2.5$$ $$mm$$
Normal force $$=950$$ $$N$$
Thrust force $$=475$$ $$N$$

The ultimate shear stress (in $$N/m{m^2}$$) of the work material is

During orthogonal machining of a mild steel specimen with a cutting tool of zero rake angle, the following data is obtained:
Uncut chip thickness $$=0.25$$ $$mm$$
Chip thickness $$=0.75$$ $$mm$$
Width of cut $$=2.5$$ $$mm$$
Normal force $$=950$$ $$N$$
Thrust force $$=475$$ $$N$$

The shear angle and shear force, respectively, are