During orthogonal machining of a mild steel specimen with a cutting tool of zero rake angle, the following data is obtained:
Uncut chip thickness $$=0.25$$ $$mm$$
Chip thickness $$=0.75$$ $$mm$$
Width of cut $$=2.5$$ $$mm$$
Normal force $$=950$$ $$N$$
Thrust force $$=475$$ $$N$$

The shear angle and shear force, respectively, are

During orthogonal machining of a mild steel specimen with a cutting tool of zero rake angle, the following data is obtained:
Uncut chip thickness $$=0.25$$ $$mm$$
Chip thickness $$=0.75$$ $$mm$$
Width of cut $$=2.5$$ $$mm$$
Normal force $$=950$$ $$N$$
Thrust force $$=475$$ $$N$$

The ultimate shear stress (in $$N/m{m^2}$$) of the work material is

The thickness of a plate is reduced from $$30$$ $$mm$$ to $$10$$ $$mm$$ by successive cold rolling passes using identical rolls of diameter $$600$$ $$mm.$$ Assume that there is no change in width. If the coefficient of friction between the rolls and the work piece is $$0.1,$$ the minimum number of passes required is

In multi-pass operation, a round bar of $$10$$ $$mm$$ diameter and $$100$$ $$mm$$ length is reduced in cross-section by drawing it successively through a series of seven dies of decreasing exit diameter. During each of theses drawing operations, the reduction in cross-sectional area is $$35\% $$. The yield strength of the material is $$200$$ $$MPa.$$ Ignore strain hardening.

Neglecting friction and redundant work, the force (in $$kN$$) required for drawing the bar through the first die, is