During orthogonal machining of a mild steel specimen with a cutting tool of zero rake angle, the following data is obtained:
Uncut chip thickness $$=0.25$$ $$mm$$
Chip thickness $$=0.75$$ $$mm$$
Width of cut $$=2.5$$ $$mm$$
Normal force $$=950$$ $$N$$
Thrust force $$=475$$ $$N$$

The shear angle and shear force, respectively, are

The number of defective produced by a six sigma process (in Parts per million) is

Grinding ratio is defined as

The binding material used in cemented carbide cutting tools is