Water is flowing through a horizontal pipe of constant diameter and the flow is laminar. If the diameter of the pipe is increased by $$50\% $$ keeping the volume flow rate constant, then the pressure drop in the pipe due to friction will decrease by

Cold water flowing at $$0.1$$ $$kg/s$$ is heated from $${20^ \circ }C$$ to $${70^ \circ }C$$ in a counter-flow type heat exchanger by a hot water stream flowing at $$0.1$$ $$kg/s$$ and entering at $${90^ \circ }C$$. The specific heat of water is $$4200$$ $$J$$($$kg$$ $$K$$) and density is $$1000$$ $$kg/{m^3}.$$ If the overall heat transfer coefficient $$U$$ for the heat exchanger is $$2000$$ $$W/\,\,\left( {{m^2}\,\,K} \right),$$ the required heat exchange area (in $${{m^2}}$$) is

In resistance seam welding, the electrode is in the form of a

Which of the following welding process results in the smallest heat affected zone