A cylindrical bar of $$100$$ $$mm$$ diameter is orthogonally straight turned with cutting velocity, feed and depth of cut of $$120$$ $$m/min$$, $$0.25$$ $$mm/rev$$ and $$4$$ $$mm,$$ respectively. The specific cutting energy of the work material is $$1 \times {10^9}\,\,J/{m^3}.$$ Neglect the contribution of feed force towards cutting power. The main or tangential cutting force (in $$N$$) is __________________

A $$60$$ $$mm$$ wide block of low carbon steel is face milled at a cutting speed of $$120$$ $$m/min,$$ feed of $$0.1$$ $$mm$$/tooth and axial depth of cut of $$4$$ $$mm.$$ A schematic representation of the face milling process is shown below. The diameter of the cutter is $$120$$ $$mm$$ and it has $$12$$ cutting edges. The material removal rate (in $$m{m^3}/s)$$ is __________

In an orthogonal machining experiment carried out using a cutting tool with zero degree rake angle, the measured cutting force was $$1700$$ $$N.$$ If the friction angle at the rake face-chip interface is $${26^ \circ },$$ then the thrust force value, in $$N$$ is ___________________

Two cutting tools are being compared for a machining operation. The tool life equations are:
$$\eqalign{ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Carbi{\mathop{\rm de}\nolimits} \,\,tool:\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,V{T^{1.6}} = 3000 \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,HSS\,\,tool:\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,V{T^{0.6}} = 200 \cr} $$

Where $$V$$ is the cutting speed in $$m/min$$ and $$T$$ is the tool life in $$min.$$ The carbide tool will provide higher tool life if the cutting speed in $$m/min$$ exceeds